The Mantoux test, also known as the tuberculin skin test (TST), is widely used for detecting tuberculosis (TB) infection.
It involves the intradermal injection of a purified protein derivative (PPD) into the skin of the forearm. The test measures the immune response to this substance, which can indicate whether the individual has been infected with TB bacteria.
1] Injection: A small amount of PPD is injected just below the surface of the skin in the forearm. This is usually done in a healthcare setting, such as a clinic or hospital.
2] Reading the Test: After 48 to 72 hours, the patient returns to the clinic where a healthcare professional will examine the injection site. The Mantoux blood test helps to measure the induration (Swelling) at the site of injection. The size of the induration helps determine whether the test is positive or negative.
3] Interpreting Results: A positive result indicates that the person has been exposed to TB bacteria, but it does not necessarily mean they have an active TB infection. Further tests, such as a chest X-ray or sputum test, may be needed to confirm active TB disease.
1] Screening for TB: The Mantoux test is commonly used to screen individuals who are at higher risk of TB, including those with symptoms of TB, close contacts of TB patients, or individuals in high-risk environments.
2] Pre-Employment or Immigration: Many organizations and countries require a Mantoux test as part of their health screening procedures for employment or immigration purposes.
3] Monitoring: For individuals with a history of TB exposure or previous TB treatment, the mantoux tuberculin skin test helps monitor the status of their TB infection.
1] Negative Result: No significant induration (usually less than 5 mm) indicates that the test is negative, suggesting no exposure to TB bacteria. However, a negative result does not entirely rule out TB infection, particularly in those with weakened immune systems.
2] Positive Result: Induration of 10 mm or more in the general population, or 5 mm or more in high-risk groups (e.g., close contacts of TB patients, individuals with weakened immune systems), is considered a positive result. This indicates exposure to TB bacteria, but further diagnostic testing is required to confirm active TB disease.
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1. Test Dose
2. Date of Injection
3. Induration
4. Impression
A positive Mantoux skin test result indicates potential TB exposure but does not confirm active TB disease. Further diagnostic tests, such as a chest X-ray or sputum test, may be required to determine if active TB is present. Your healthcare provider will discuss the next steps with you.
There is no special preparation needed before taking the mantoux tuberculin skin test. It is important to inform the healthcare provider of any known allergies or past reactions to the test, as well as any recent health issues.
A negative result generally means that there is no evidence of TB exposure. However, it does not completely rule out TB infection, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or those who have recently been exposed to TB.
The Mantoux test is generally safe. Some people may experience mild pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site. Severe reactions are rare but should be reported to the healthcare provider.
