Abdominal Ultrasound
An abdominal ultrasound involves using a transducer (probe) over the lower abdomen to capture images of the pelvic organs. This method provides a broader view of the pelvic region, allowing the examination of larger structures, including the uterus and ovaries.
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When is Abdominal Ultrasound Used?
To evaluate pelvic pain or abnormal bleeding. To check for uterine abnormalities such as fibroids. To assess the size and position of the ovaries. To monitor early pregnancy and check for complications like ectopic pregnancy.
Transvaginal Ultrasound
A transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), on the other hand, involves inserting a specialized probe into the vagina to obtain closer, more detailed images of the pelvic organs. This method allows for a better view of the uterus, endometrium (lining of the uterus), and ovaries.
When is Transvaginal Ultrasound Used?
To evaluate early pregnancy more accurately, especially in the first trimester. To check for ovarian cysts, polyps, or other abnormalities. To assess the endometrial lining for issues like endometrial hyperplasia. To investigate causes of infertility or recurrent miscarriage.
Why is the Combination of Both Scans Important?
The combination of abdominal and transvaginal scans provides a comprehensive evaluation of the pelvic organs, as each technique has its strengths:
1. Detailed Imaging: The abdominal ultrasound offers a general overview, while the transvaginal scan provides a closer and clearer image of the pelvic organs, making it possible to detect smaller abnormalities that might be missed on an abdominal scan alone.
2. Early Pregnancy Assessment: In early pregnancy, the transvaginal scan is more effective in identifying the fetal heartbeat, confirming the location of the pregnancy, and diagnosing conditions like ectopic pregnancy. The abdominal scan helps monitor the pregnancy as it progresses.
3. Investigation of Gynecological Symptoms: This dual approach is beneficial for diagnosing conditions like uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, and other abnormalities that could be causing symptoms such as pelvic pain or abnormal bleeding.
4. Fertility Evaluation: For women undergoing fertility assessments, this combined scan can evaluate the ovarian follicles, endometrial lining, and overall uterine health, helping guide treatment plans.
How Are the Scans Performed?
1. Preparation: For the abdominal ultrasound, you may be asked to drink plenty of water before the procedure to fill the bladder. A full bladder pushes the uterus and other pelvic organs into a better position for clearer imaging. For the transvaginal ultrasound, no specific preparation is usually needed. You may be asked to empty your bladder before the procedure for better visualization.
2. Procedure: Abdominal Ultrasound: You will lie on an examination table, and a gel is applied to your lower abdomen. The sonographer moves the transducer over the skin to capture images of the pelvic organs. Transvaginal Ultrasound: You will lie on your back with your knees bent. A thin, lubricated transvaginal probe is gently inserted into the vagina. The probe emits sound waves to create detailed images of the pelvic organs on a screen.
3. Duration: The entire process takes about 30 to 45 minutes, with each scan lasting around 15-20 minutes.
4. Post-Procedure: You can resume normal activities immediately after the scan. The results are typically reviewed by a radiologist and discussed with you by your healthcare provider.
Who Should Consider This Combined Scan?
The USG Abdomen & Transvaginal Scan is recommended for:
A] Women with Pelvic Pain or Abnormal Bleeding: To identify causes like ovarian cysts, fibroids, or endometriosis.
B] Women Undergoing Fertility Treatment: To assess ovarian follicles, the thickness of the endometrium, and uterine abnormalities.
C] Pregnant Women in Early Stages: To confirm the location of pregnancy, check for viability, and detect any complications.
D] Women with Suspicion of Gynecological Conditions: For those with suspected polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or other gynecological issues.
