Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that begins in the plasma cells, a kind of white blood cell found in bone marrow. These cells are responsible for producing antibodies that help fight infections, but in multiple myeloma, they become abnormal and proliferate uncontrollably. As the number of myeloma cells increases, they can crowd out normal cells in the bone marrow, leading to weakened bones, anemia, kidney problems, and a weakened immune system. Common symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections, kidney dysfunction, and high levels of calcium in the blood. The exact cause of multiple myeloma is not fully understood, but factors such as age, family history, and exposure to certain chemicals or radiation can increase the risk. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies. Treatment options include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplants, aiming to reduce symptoms, manage complications, and extend life. While multiple myeloma is not curable, advancements in treatment have significantly improved the outlook for many patients, enabling them to manage the disease effectively.
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