Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions where the immune system is weakened or absent, making the body more susceptible to infections and diseases. These disorders can be either primary (genetic) or secondary (acquired). Primary immunodeficiencies are typically inherited and affect the development or function of immune cells, such as in conditions like Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) or Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID). Secondary immunodeficiencies are caused by external factors, such as viral infections like HIV, which leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), or by certain medications that suppress the immune system. Symptoms of immunodeficiency disorders include frequent infections, delayed recovery from illnesses, and unusual or severe infections. Diagnosis often involves blood tests to assess immune function, genetic testing, and monitoring for recurrent infections. Treatment options include antibiotics to prevent or treat infections, immunoglobulin therapy to boost immune function, and in some cases, stem cell or bone marrow transplants. Early diagnosis and ongoing management are critical for improving quality of life and preventing life-threatening infections.
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