Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to the abnormal production of white blood cells. These abnormal cells, known as leukemic cells, can crowd out healthy blood cells, impairing the body’s ability to fight infections, transport oxygen, and control bleeding. There are several types of leukemia, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), each with distinct characteristics and rates of progression. Symptoms of leukemia can include fatigue, frequent infections, unexplained weight loss, easy bruising or bleeding, and pain in the bones or joints. The exact cause of leukemia is not fully understood, but risk factors include genetic mutations, family history, exposure to certain chemicals, and previous cancer treatments. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic testing. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and in some cases, stem cell or bone marrow transplants. Early detection and treatment are critical for improving survival rates and outcomes for individuals with leukemia.
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